Is ethnic profiling really helping society? Essay --

Is ethnic profiling really helping society? Ethnic profiling has been around for some time but is it getting worse? Are too many people going to far? Is it hurting or helping society? Many believe that ethnic profiling is only helping society and but in reality its only tearing us apart for because of the following reason. â€Å"Muslims endure long delay to become U.S Citizens they're pulled out of lines at airports and treated differently from other passengers (Lamkamp)†. Muslims are getting denied to become American just because of their Ethnics. Thats assuming that all Arabs or Muslims are terrorist. Thats like saying all Caucasians are rich. Which not all of them are. â€Å" Travel for many from the middle east has often been quite difficult, but following 9/11 and the Arab Springs it seems to be worsening (Kuwait).† Even though the terrorist attack in 9/11 was horrendous event to go through people should not assume every middle eastern is a terrorist. Many Middle Eastern are afraid of traveling because they think they might get pulled out of lines and get harassed. No one is better than anyone else therefore no one should be able to put themselves on a higher pedestal because they're a different ethnics. Although many believe ethnic profiling is helping society because it helps stop terrorist attacks they're incorrect for the following reason. â€Å" I thought they'd be happy I was leaving but instead they kept me waiting and were glaring at me as if I were a criminal. What's worse they ignored me completely and didn't tell me what was wrong( Ahmed)†. First and foremost they ignored her like she was not ... ... want to do its travel the world like the rest of us. If youre judging them because of their race you need to take a look in the mirror and see what type of person you really are.We are a Human Race and we need to stick together. We should let our differences make us stronger not tear us down. Marther Luther King had a dream that we should be equal and equal we shall be! Works Cited Conrad, Lisa. "Ethnic Profiling, Airport Security Procedures Await Arab Travelers." Kuwait Times 15 Nov. 2011: Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. Heath, Gilmore. "Racial Profiling Needed to Prove Australia Is Safe." Sydney Morning Herald, The 02 June 2010: 5. Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. Lakamp, Patrick. "Professor Decries Ethnic Profiling of Muslims: COMMUNITY." Buffalo News, The (NY) 11 May 2008: Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 25 Feb. 2014.

Benjamin Franklin Essay

Can a man be as vast as a nation? Did the life-experiences and cultural contributions of a single individual play as pivotal a role in the establishment of American democracy and American culture as any written declaration, constitution, or law? Without a doubt, there are historians who stand at the ready to assert that Benjamin Franklin was just such an individual. Numerous books, scholarly articles, essays, encyclopedias, and even works of fiction have contributed and continue to contribute to the mythic status of Benjamin Franklin in American history. However, there is is good reason to reject any surface-level interpretation of Franklin’s important contributions to the founding of American Democracy, and read with great care the complex and extensive evolution of Franklin’s actions and stated philosophies over the span of a great many years. The resulting image of Franklin when the myth of Franklin and the historical Franklin are compared is one of a challengingly deep and complex thinker, and of a man who acted in keeping with his deepest philosophical, moral, and spiritual beliefs — many of which were quite radical in his day and many of which were astonishingly traditional. The truth of the matter is that â€Å"†Franklin’s extant writings are so rich and voluminous that one can find almost any sort of Franklin one wishes to find,† (Frasca, 2007) but, certainly, in comparing the historical Franklin to the mythic Franklin, important insight into American history and into the psychology of American culture can be gained. Franklin’s career can be said to have begun very early in his life, when he â€Å"left school at 10 years of age to help his father† (â€Å"Franklin, Benjamin,† 2007); not long afterward, he â€Å"was apprenticed to his half brother James, a printer and publisher of the New England Courant, to which young Ben secretly contributed. After much disagreement he left his brother’s employment and went (1723) to Philadelphia to work as a printer† (â€Å"Franklin, Benjamin,† 2007). Franklin’s early life was later given its first â€Å"boost† toward mythic status with posthumous publication of Franklin’s â€Å"Autobiography† in 1791, not long after Franklin’s death. If the â€Å"Autobiography† helped to foster the mythic status of Franklin in American history, it was but one of the many examples of Franklin’s written contributions to American culture. During his active career, Franklin was immersed not only in science and history, but in philosophy and ethical theory as well. His popular writings contained both humor and moral axioms — notably in his very popular publication, â€Å"Poor Richard’s Almanac,† which was â€Å"In his day the great source of profit to every printer [†¦ ] which was issued yearly, and which was the vade-mecum in every household that could spare the necessary two or three pence annually† (Ford, 1899, p. 400). Franklin’s steady contributions to American popular culture during his lifetime included not only the folk wisdom of Poor Richard, but with much-needed humor for the American continent: In America, however, either because the immigrants had been recruited from the unfortunate and the religiously austere, or because the hardness of the conditions resulted in a sadness which tinctured the lives of the people, there seems to have been a practical extinction of all sense of the humorous. (Ford, 1899, p. 388) Against this background, Franklin — himself often a deep-thinker and a moody person — articulated the first instances of a natively American sense of humor. This fact is very important in evaluating both the mythical and the historical Franklin because the mythic Franklin remains empty of all but a few slight traces of Franklin’s triumphant career and reputation as a humorist. His status as such is very important because, as mentioned, it is Franklin’s cultural contribution to America as well as his political contributions which cements his status as a Founding Father and which has resulted in the extensive influence Franklin has held over American culture from its earliest beginnings. Franklin used humor in a very conscious way to pave the way for his more considered ethical and moral ideas; more importantly he seized the opportunity to define humor in America for generations: â€Å"perhaps his most remarkable attribute is that the future historian of the now famous American humor must begin its history with the first publication of Poor Richard† (Ford, 1899, p. 389) and, by doing so, Franklin placed himself in a key position to define through humor just what it mean to be an American. His capacities as a humorist do not seem to have been affected, but rather emerged naturally out of his personality. Franklin used humor to not only define himself and to partially define American culture, but as a method to settle scores or take shots at traditional beliefs or institutions: â€Å"His irresistible inclination to screw a joke out of everything is illustrated by the scrapes he got himself into with his advertisers. Employed to print an announcement of the sailing of a ship, he added an â€Å"N. B. † of his own, to the effect that among the passengers â€Å"No Sea Hens, nor Black Gowns will be admitted on any terms. † Some of the clergy, properly incensed, withdrew their subscriptions from the â€Å"Gazette. † Yet this did not cure him of the tendency, and he was quickly offending again. (Ford, 1899, p. 394) Humor and literary works provided one means for Franklin to influence the development of early American culture and these aspects are slightly contained in the myth of Benjamin Franklin, with the humorous aspects downplayed. For example, â€Å"Poor Richard’s Almanac† is probably part of the Franklin myth in most people’s minds and they probably also are aware that Franklin offered axioms of wisdom in this Almanac, but many people are probably deeply unaware that Franklin’s gift for humor was not only an important part of his literary output, but an aspect of his personal philosophy and a method by which he engaged other people and also helped to resolved conflicts. Another aspect of the Franklin myth is that he â€Å"invented† electricity by tying a key to a kite-string. Like many myths, this myth has a basis in historical reality: â€Å"His experiment of flying a kite in a thunderstorm, which showed that lightning is an electrical discharge[†¦ ] and his invention of the lightning rod[†¦ ] won him recognition from the leading scientists in England† (â€Å"Franklin, Benjamin,† 2007) but it is a slim basis. What the â€Å"lightning and key† myth represents in a compressed form is the long and complex contribution to the natural sciences and to popular inventions which actually was a part of the historical Franklin’s career. In regards to his actual scientific achievements, Franklin is noted by historians to have been a brilliant inventor and adapter of existing technologies: â€Å"He repeated the experiments of other scientists and showed his usual practical bent by inventing such diverse things as the Franklin stove, bifocal eyeglasses, and a glass harmonica† (â€Å"Franklin, Benjamin,† 2007); he is regarded as having a very brilliant scientific mind and a keen sense of practical implementation of abstract ideas. These qualities are also present in Franklin’s philosophical and political ideas which will be discussed shortly and together, Franklin’s scientific, philosophical. and political vision actually coincide with the â€Å"popular† aesthetic already shown to have been a part of his literary output. In some ways, Franklin’s cultural contributions mirror a deeply democratic sense of purpose and fulfillment: the creation of common axioms, a common wisdom, along with useful technologies are not separate from Franklin’s political vision. Ironically, the egalitarianism which is inferred in Franklin’s guiding principles is less present on the surface in his specifically political writings. When specifically considering Franklin’s political beliefs and writings, it should be pointed out that Franklin was actually â€Å"very different from the other Founding Fathers. He was older and more committed to the British Empire and certainly more cosmopolitan and urbane than they were† (Morgan, 2005, p. 551) and because Franklin lived abroad for just under twenty years in England and having traveled a lot through Europe, Franklin was in many ways â€Å"the least American of the revolutionaries† (Morgan, 2005, p. 551). This duality in the historical Franklin is, of course, completely absent from the â€Å"lightning and key† mythic Franklin who is regarded as a Founding Father of American democracy. This last idea of the myth of Franklin is true enough, but as this paper has hopefully shown, the historical picture of Franklin is a more ambiguous and much more complex than the myth. This is an understandable condition because part of what myth does with historical events is to simplify them and streamline them so that the symbolic impact can be made more powerful and less diluted by alternate interpretation. It would be difficult if not impossible, for example, to generate a mythic vision of Franklin which included the historical reality that Franklin â€Å"preferred the social and intellectual life of London to that of Philadelphia† (Morgan, 2005, p. 551) or that â€Å"his landlady, Margaret Stevenson, and her precocious daughter, Polly, provided Franklin with more compatible intellectual companionship than did his own wife and daughter† (Morgan, 2005, p. 551) so these very real and very important aspects of Franklin’s actual life and his actual personality are absent from the Franklin myth. Yet these aspects, and others, are extremely important in helping to define and understand what exactly Franklin contributed as a Founding Father of American democracy. That his cultural contributions, whether humorous, literary, or scientific not only fostered his myth but actually altered the course and evolution of American society is demonstrable by way of historical evidence. What, then, were Franklin’s political contributions to the early American nation? Did Franklin evidence as much resourcefulness and thoroughness in his political career as he evidenced in his career as a printer, or humorist, or inventor? One very interesting aspect of Franklin’s life is that he dealt with not only the revolt of the American colonies against a British Empire which he loved, but also with the resulting estrangement from his own (illegitimate) son during the course of the war. Franklin’s actions at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War give a solid glimpse into his sympathies and beliefs at the time: As trouble between the British government and the colonies grew with the approach of the American Revolution, Franklin’s deep love for his native land and his devotion to individual freedom brought (1775) him back to America. There, while his illegitimate son, William Franklin, was becoming a leader of the Loyalists, Benjamin Franklin became one of the greatest statesmen of the American Revolution and of the newborn nation. (â€Å"Franklin, Benjamin,† 2007) As a statesman, Franklin’s contributions can be at least to some degree quantified and cited: he was postmaster general, a delegate to the Continental Congress, an appointee and signatory to the committee which wrote the Declaration of Independence, he was also â€Å"sent to Canada with Samuel Chase and Charles Carroll of Carrollton to persuade the people of Canada to join the patriot cause† (â€Å"Franklin, Benjamin,† 2007). The mythic vision of Franklin as a powerful statesman delivering powerful, moving oratory before the Continental Congress, or laboriously poring over draft versions of the Declaration of Independence are confronted by anecdotes of historical fact. An example of this is John Adams, who â€Å"contemptuously described a Franklin â€Å"from day to day sitting in silence, a great part of the time fast asleep in his chair† and sighed that he was likely nevertheless to get credit for everything achieved by the Congress,† (Lopez & Herbert, 1975, p. 203). Again, Franklin’s political reputation was based not so much in his perception among his American colleagues, but in his foreign popularity and fame. His best tactic was not spell-binding oratory or intricate legalese, but in injecting â€Å"a calm pronouncement or a bit of humor† (Lopez & Herbert, 1975, p. 203) into difficult political processes. The question still remains as to what Franklin, personally, believed about the American Revolution — during the time of the revolt and afterward — and whether or not Franklin can be accurately described as a firm believer in democratic principles. The historical facts suggest that Franklin held conflicting views about democracy and royalist rule. On the one hand, he advocated personal liberty, on the other, he seemed reluctant to dismiss with the notion of a royalist government altogether. As he wrote in the â€Å"Autobiography,† his feelings were not at all certain during the time of the approaching revolution: â€Å"In our way thither I projected and drew up a plan for the union of all the colonies under one government, so far as might be necessary for defense, and other important general purposes† (Franklin, 1914, p. 131) but here there is no mention of a constitution or a strong Federal government at all. Franklin’s own visions for â€Å"a single-chamber congress and a weak executive council were rejected† (â€Å"Franklin, Benjamin,† 2007) and, alter, although he objected to aspects of the final Constitution, â€Å"he helped to direct the compromise [and] worked earnestly for its ratification’ (â€Å"Franklin, Benjamin,† 2007). The picture which emerges of Franklin as a politician is one of a man whose core-principles were challenged by the birth of a new government, but who fought resolutely on behalf of the new nation without regard for the degree to which it mirrored, exactly, his always-evolving personal beliefs. In addition to the differences which are evident between Franklin the myth and Franklin the historical figure in regard to his literary, scientific, and political contributions to American history, two other areas of Franklin’s life are absent from the mythological figure of Franklin: his religious and racial convictions. Of course, it is absolutely true that Franklin’s religious convictions and his views on race and ethnicity evolved throughout his lifetime. On the other hand, Franklin’s religious beliefs seemed to occupy a central place in his interpretation of his own life’s purpose and the meaning of his life. Where religion is concerned, Franklin’s most intimate beliefs depict a rather traditional point of view. Because of his personal experiences and personal fortunes, Franklin tended to view the arc of his life in rather conventional religious terms: â€Å"Scattered through his writings are sentences full of gratitude to God for His favor in lifting him up from such a low to such a high estate, in bringing him substantially unscathed through the graver dangers and baser temptations of human life, and in affording him the assurance that the divine goodness, of which he had received such signal proofs in his career, would not cease with his death† (Bruce, 1917, p. 51) — these simple, but enduring, beliefs are easily compatible with many forms of American Christianity. That said, it would be very difficult to trace an influence from Franklin to modern Christianity, nor an influence of Christianity directly on the myth of Franklin. In both fact and in myth, Franklin’s traditional religious ideas are downplayed due, presumably, to their being conspicuously in keeping with the common ideas of Franklin’s time. Interestingly enough, Franklin retained his religious convictions at the close of his very eventful life and the fruition of his religious convictions strengthened him in old age and in death. As one of his biographers wrote: â€Å"WHEN THE DAY CAME, April 17, 1790, he was ready. All his life he had been gingerly taming death, stripping it of its awe and power, clothing it in appealing metaphors of travel and bliss, humoring it, giving it a place in the family circle† (Lopez & Herbert, 1975, p. 308) and because of his receptiveness to deeply held religious convictions which were, nonetheless, not tied to any kind of dogma or strict adherence to religious doctrine, Franklin’s religious philosophies and his actual death are gestures, also, of a democratic sprit and and individualist. The conflict which the religious side of the historical Franklin presents for the mythic vision of Franklin is difficult to articulate. It has to do with the fact that, while Franklin’s individualistic take on Christian principles and religious ideas does, in fact, make a very compatible fit with the American notion of individual liberty, Franklin’s avoidance of traditional dogma and doctrine results in making his individualistic religious beliefs more difficult to define and express to a popular audience. Just as there is no easy mythical expression for Franklin’s humor, as there is for his scientific prowess, there is no ready mythic symbol for his peculiarly individualistic religious beliefs which are rooted in traditional Christianity. Just as Franklin’s religious attitudes fail to find mythic expression, his ambiguous views on race and racial prejudice also are a poor fit for the Franklin myth. The attentive observer of history will take into consideration that at various points in his life, Franklin was demonstrably racist and xenophobic: â€Å"Franklin was clearly unhappy about the great number of Germans who were immigrating to his home town of Philadelphia, even though many supported him by patronizing his printing business† (Lapham & Saunders, 2005) and also, Franklin — prior to the Revolutionary War — â€Å"grumbled about Philadelphia’s bilingual (English and German) street signs and complained that the Pennsylvania parliament needed to use translators† (Lapham & Saunders, 2005). In addition to these historical facts, there is evidence that Franklin was not only racist, but perhaps a bit paranoid about other races and cultures. He wrote on one occasion, â€Å"That the Number of purely white People in the World is proportionably very small†¦. † (Lapham & Saunders, 2005) which in and of itself might be considered merely an observation of fact until it is paired with Franklin’s words, which preceded the statement: â€Å"Why should Pennsylvania, founded by the English, become a Colony of Aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to Germanize us instead of our Anglifying them† (Lapham & Saunders, 2005). These kinds of historical details and indications of Franklin’s character have no place in the Franklin myth. Their impact on the historical influence of Franklin is one which is very complicated and fascinating because the evolution of Franklin’s thoughts and actions in regard to issues of race underwent a profound change throughout his life. Although Franklin seemed to regard one race being in conflict with another in some of his writings, he nevertheless, â€Å"was chosen to be president of one of the first anti-slavery societies in America,† (Lapham & Saunders, 2005) and he went on to help to â€Å"create black schools, assist free blacks to obtain work, promote family-friendly values, and improve the social conditions black children† (Lapham & Saunders, 2005). The most important aspect of Franklin’s views on racism is that his ideas â€Å"evolved over his lifetime, becoming more tolerant and egalitarian as he grew older† (Lapham & Saunders, 2005), however, even such a dramatic and ultimately positivistic aspect of Franklin’s historical biography is left out of the Franklin myth. A letter to Franklin from his sister seems to encapsulate the very kinds of ambiguities and vagaries which the myth of Franklin exists to erase. His sister remarks of the American revolution: â€Å"to Propagate Is stufed into them, & it is Dificult to know whither Either Party are in the Right. for my Part I wish we had Let alone strife before it was medled with & folowed things that make for Peace† (Van Doren, 1950, p. 107) and from this letter and others like it, the modern observer is able to glean at least a partial understanding that ideas and conflicts in Franklin’s time were no more clear, no more â€Å"black and white† than they are in our own. In conclusion, while the myth of Benjamin Franklin, the man who â€Å"discovered† electricity with a key tied to a kite, the man who â€Å"wrote† the Declaration of Independence, a man who is one of the Founding Fathers of America, is a powerful and enduring myth, the historical facts of Franklin’s long and eventful life offer and a more authentic illustration of early-American philosophy, politics, and culture. The conflict between the myth of Franklin and Franklin the historical figure is rooted in the fact that historical truths are often ambiguous, complex and difficult to express succinctly, whereas myth, while sacrificing authenticity often makes a far more expedient impact on popular consciousness. Franklin the historical figure achieved a far greater influence practically over the development of American culture and American politics than the myth is capable of expressing; however, the historical facts of Franklin’s life also sometimes stand in stark opposition to the myth which they, at least in part, began. References Bruce, W. C. (1917). Benjamin Franklin, Self-Revealed: A Biographical and Critical Study Based Mainly on His Own Writings (Vol. 1). New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. Franklin, Benjamin. (2007). In The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed. ). New York: Columbia University Press. Ford, P. L. (1899). The Many-Sided Franklin. New York: The Century Co. Franklin, B. (1914). The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York: Macmillan. Frasca, R. (2007). Benjamin Franklin Unmasked: On the Unity of His Moral, Religious, and Political Thought. The Historian, 69(2), 359+. Lapham, S. S. , & Saunders, A. (2005). Benjamin Franklin’s Evolving Views on Race and Ethnicity. Social Education, 69(1), 13+. Lopez, C. , & Herbert, E. W. (1975). The Private Franklin: The Man and His Family. New York: W. W. Norton. Morgan, D. T. (2005). The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin. The Historian, 67(3), 551. Van Doren, C. (Ed. ). (1950). The Letters of Benjamin Franklin & Jane Mecom. Princeton, NJ:

Essay on Getting Serious About Eradicating Binge Drinking

In Henry Wechsler’s, â€Å"Getting Serious about Eradicating Binge Drinking†, he discusses the issue of binge drinking. Binge drinking is an extensive problem on college campuses. The majority of colleges merely focus on the student, rather than what encourages students to drink. Fraternities, sororities, and athletics are huge sources of the students on campus who drink. There are many approaches colleges can take to decrease the problem, and many colleges are already getting a head start. It is also important to not ignore how often colleges indirectly encourage students to drink (20). First of all, binge drinking has been a problem for some time now. It has climbed over the past few years, capturing more attention from the media. A study†¦show more content†¦Moreover, students need to take more responsibility for their actions; if they got themselves into this mess, they need to get themselves out of it. Colleges should consider making a â€Å"three strikeà ¢â‚¬  policy in which students will be removed from school permanently after three alcohol violations (20-21). Fraternities and sororities are at the center of binge drinking on college campuses. It is proven that in fraternity houses, approximately 80% of students binge, and over 50% binge frequently. Fraternities attract people beyond their members, including high-school seniors, which are future college freshmen that are already being introduced to binge drinking as being a social norm. The majority of alcohol-related deaths of college students involve fraternity parties. College administrators are afraid of acting out against fraternities because they do not want to anger the generous alumni donors who themselves, too, were partying during their college years. Colleges should not wait until a tragic event happens to realize that something must be done about fraternities and the alcohol-related problems that they cause. Also, it is morally wrong to treat alumni better than stude nts, giving them the privilege to drink at events such as homecoming activities and sports. Banning alcohol for just students is not an effective way to gain students’ support for any new alcohol-control policies. It is quite obvious that colleges base their decisions onShow MoreRelatedStopping Binge Drinking on College Campuses726 Words   |  3 PagesFact or Fiction â€Å"Getting Serious about Eradicating Binge Drinking,† a text written Henry Wechsler was first introduced to me in my English 102 class. In this Essay Wechsler brought to the reader’s attention that binge drinking was major problem on many college campuses. Wechsler aims to convince readers that binge drinking is a problem that needs to be stopped. Some of Wechsler’s statements made in this text were persuasive while others were opinions. Wechsler begins this essay by introducingRead MoreEffects Of Binge Drinking On College Students Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesHenry Wechsler in Getting Serious about Eradicating Binge Drinking, stresses how modern college students think that binge drinking is a norm in college life. I agree with Wechsler that the modern college student thinks binge drinking is normal. In High School, people would binge drink on a regular basis, and that eventually carried over into collegiate life. After being in college for about a month now, I realized that every night students binge drink either at bars, fraternity houses, or tailgatesRead MoreEssay about Alcoholism and Drug Addiction17765 Words   |  72 Pagesall influence the risk for the condition. Long-term alcohol abuse produces changes in the brains structure and chemistry such as tolerance and physical dependence. These changes maintain the person with alcoholisms compulsive inability to stop drinking and result in alcohol withdrawal sy ndrome if the person stops. Alcohol damages almost every organ in the body, including the brain. The cumulative toxic effects of chronic alcohol abuse can cause both medical and psychiatric problems. Identifying

Selwyn Hughess Ideas on How To Help a Friend Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Effective Christian counseling is not all about the counselor carrying out the session all the time. It is vital that an individual being counseled is made part of the process. This is best achieved by allowing oneself to listen to the counselee, usually without interrupting. One can note down issues in a summary form for later follow up once the counselee has been given a chance to speak out freely. It is important to note that listening is an encouragement for one to continue expressing themselves out. It is also important to note that Christian counseling presupposes that counselors have an understanding, knowledge as well as experience of Christianity. Owing to this, a counselor at a local church should strive to reinforce and encourage the individual with motivational scripts from the Bible to weight down the highly emotional parts of the confession or revelations. One should also note that sometimes they might not agree with all or some of the revelations that they hear from the counselee. Even so, it is important to exercise the virtues of love as demonstrated by Apostle Paul in 1 Corinthians 13:4-8.We will write a custom essay sample on Selwyn Hughes's Ideas on How To Help a Friend or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Therefore, counseling a local church would require one to set aside his/her personal biases and conflicts. The most important way, however, is not to judge and approach the situation with compassion. The advantage is that counseling at a local church is made one level easy by the fact that the counselor and the counselee tend not to be strangers. Even so, counseling an acquaintance may be tricky in the sense that the friendliness may overshadow the seriousness of the process. The technique, therefore, is to learn to treat the two as completely different entities yet appreciate their connectedness, which helps with ice-breaking (Collins, 2007, p. 59). As Hughes observes in his model, counseling in the context of a local church would also require the counselor to avoid expressions of disapproval or judgment. The counselor should be keen on aspects of communication such as tone, facial expression, and other non-verbal cues.

Big Data And Its Privacy Issues - 1452 Words

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Because personal data is no longer considered â€Å"personal†, users are not able to fully comprehend the changes of a world where privacy is now public. Most technology allows users to control privacy settings on their devices such as passcodes, location services, and a lock on personal photos. These privacy settings allow users to control what they would like others to see, or whatRead MoreThe Big Data Is Preserve Privacy Information Of The Customers, Employees, And The Organizations Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant and significant challenge in the big data is to preserve privacy information of the customers, employees, and the organizations. It is very sensitive and includes conceptual, technical as well as legal significance. 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The benefits of big data are ever expandingRead MoreBig Data Is An Emerging Term1674 Words   |  7 PagesBig data is an emerging term which has been noticed since it influences our daily life gradually. The big data is a large concept that is vague because different people look at big data phenomenon from a different perspectives, it is not easy to make a precise definition (Moorthy, et. al., 2015). The deï ¬ nition of big data is a matter of debate, however, a typical reference is to the collection, management, and analysis of massive amounts of data (McNeely Hahm, 2 014).According to George et. al.Read MorePrivacy And The Era Of Big Data Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesPrivacy in the Era of Big Data One day, you go shopping in Times Square. When you are passing by an underwear shop, what do you feel if the store assistant who is standing out of the door promotes to you that: â€Å"Morning Ilarie. We have got several this season’s new models of your size, 66 D. And your boyfriend will also like them because they are pink and cute and right to his taste†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Could you tell me your feeling? Happy? Surprised? Or you’re scared? I think most of the people might feel offended

Contract Law free essay sample

Justice Kelly ruled against Smart Telecom, upholding the judgment made in The Harvela Case (1986) – one with very similar facts. Both Kelly J. and Lord Templeman shared the view that where there is an expressed contractual promise to accept the highest bid – that excludes referential bidding. And that RTE had no obligation to reiterate terms of contract to Smart as there were no alterations to those existing terms. I expressly agree with these judgments. There has been a large amount of consistency in the prior case law in this area with which I will make reference to prominent cases from Wales (1898) and New York (1982). Logical methods of deduction were employed by Kelly J. in Smart v RTE with due concern for the true intention for the vendor. This type of consideration I believe to be apt and of paramount importance in the interest fairness and transparency regard to all parties involved; the vendors, the tenders and the nature of competition itself – a style which has rendered this an area of the law unchallenged for almost a century. Facts 1. RTE invited bids for sponsorship to four interested parties (two of whom were Smart and Glanbia) summoning their best offers as sealed bids and expressly promising to sell to the highest bidder. The bids were to be confidential and opened at a specific time in tandem. 2. It was specifically stated that there was a competitive nature about the request for tenders in the interest of fairness and transparency. 3. The bids were to be stated as gross figures, for a two-year period, inclusive of agency commission. 4. As a pre-emption, it was stated that in the event of identical offers, there would be a 2nd round. 5. A subsidiary of Smart called Smart Telecom Holdings Limited (Holdings) responded despite not being one of the original four parties offering 1,5100,000e (sic). . Smart responded with the offer of a sum equal to 5% above the highest priced bid received. 7. OMD Ireland on behalf of Glanbia offered 1,595,500e per annum this is 3,191,000e for two years. 8. On the morning of the deadline one of the other parties emailed enquiring, in essence, about the acceptability of referential bids. 9. RTE responded by clarifying their original email – and thus denouncing the ac ceptability of referential bids. 10. RTE did not inform the other bidders of this enquiry or the response thereto. 11. The Smart bid was considered invalid – consistent with their response made to enquiry made the unnamed company about referential bids earlier that day. 12. Smart was informed of this and asked for clarification on their Holdings bid, which was that of 15 million euro. 13. They claimed this had been a typographical error and that the intended offer was 1,510,000e. RTE requested an email clarification of that. 14. An email was then received by RTE on behalf of Smart Telecom (not Holdings) rather for the sum of 1,500,100e (differs from figure mentioned). 15. RTE regarded this big from Holdings as the only valid one to emanate. 16. Notwithstanding the question of whether Holdings was even entitled to submit a bid at all, they were considered, but it was in fact Glanbia who submitted the highest fixed bid. 17. RTE accepted Glanbia’s offer. 18. Smart emailed RTE claiming they were the highest bidders and that if they did not accept they would instruct their solicitors to issue specific performance proceedings. 19. RTE responded simply by reiterating the terms of the contract and denouncing any obligation to accept their offer, as it was both not valid and not the highest. 0. Smart claimed an order for specific performance of the contract allegedly entered (damaged in lieu of specific performance are claimed as an alternative). 21. They also sought an injuction restraining RTE from awarding the sponsorship to Glanbia. 22. Smart also seeks a declaration that RTE was in breach of contract failing to inform it that a referential bid woul d be invalid. 23. A further declaration is sought to the effect that the conduct of the tendering process by RTE was rendered invalid and void because one bidder was told that referential bids were invalid and Smart was not. Ratio Decidendi Kelly J. ecided that â€Å"on the true construction of the RTE offer, the making of a referential bid was impermissible. That finding is supported by reference to the wording of the offer and by high judicial authority from England and Wales and from New York. â€Å" He is of the view that there is much to be said for the opinion of Lord Templeman to the effect that â€Å"where referential bids are sought there ought to be an express provision in the invitation permitting such bid’s to be made. Patent unfairness results unless that is done. Such unfairness would be inconsistent with the object which was sought to be achieved in the RTE offer. He also concludes that RTE’s email response to the referential bidding query â€Å"did no more than ind icate what the true position was to the enquirer. It was a response to the question that did not alter in any way the RTE offer†¦ [it was] no more than a reiteration of the existing terms, and [he] can see no basis upon which it was necessary to communicate the same information to all the other bidders. † Obiter Dictum Had there been an alteration to the terms of the offer however, different considerations would apply. Analysis Referential Bids (1) The way in which Kelly J. hose to extrapolate the true intention of RTE’s offer was both logical and consistent with the mechanics of his predecessor Lord Templeman. His first declaration was to the effect that, indeed, there was no trace of an expressed prohibition of referential bids within the offer – but by no means did this rinse the offer of an implied exclusion. A legal expression I find to be of rather appropriate mention in the analysis of this contract and indeed any contract where in which there uncerta inties lie is this: Expressio unius est exclusion alterius – which means, the expression of one thing is the exclusion of another. And indeed in Kelly J’s judgment amounts to expose the truth. Though there is no explicit exclusion of referential bidding (but for arguments sake, may be a wise inclusion to avoid confusion in future tenders) the language that is expressed is of such a clean, clear and concise nature that upon inspection exposes the terms of the contract to be anything but unclear. There are stark inconsistencies in the language with the permission of referential bidding. In relation to the general tendering process – â€Å"The tender setting out the terms upon which the supplier or builder is prepared to contract constitutes an offer. There is no obligation upon the offeror to accept any of the tenders unless he has promised in the statement inviting tenders to accept the lowest tenders. † or the highest tenders as the case may be the traditional contractual flow of offer and acceptance is overturned. Both Smart v RTE amp; Glanbia and The Harvela Case share the facts that ‘sealed bids’ were requested and consideration from the offeree compliant with the terms – would constitute valid entry into the contract. In cases void of a privilege clause as such, extinguish an obligation for the offeror to accept any either the lowest or the highest bid. He has the right to accept or reject any bid, but a duty to â€Å"consider compliant bids. †. If the language of his offer is expressed incorrectly and coupled with the absence of a privilege clause – he may way be exposed on foot of his â€Å"express contractual promise to accept the highest bid. † to the dangers of the sale aborting, a breach of contract or an obligation to retender the contract – none of which can be said for the way in which RTE’s offer. Court of Appeal. Lindley M. R. said:- â€Å"Does the offer fairly answer the description of what the liquidator had bound himself to accept. † 2) The construction of RTE’s offer, in my views, expressed their intentions in a sufficiently coherent manner. To be in any doubt of this, I believe, would be indicative of ignorance on behalf of the reader. Their use of phrases such as â€Å"in the interest of fairness and transparency†, â€Å"sealed bid†, â€Å"specific time †, â€Å"highest bidder†, and â€Å"competition† were not only patently specific about its objectives but that it would in fact be entirely absurd to construe their intentions in any other way (to accept referential bids) as that would rightly contradict that which is expressly stated. For reasons stated succinctly by Lord Templeman in pages 231 and 232 of his speech â€Å"if referential bids were permissible by implication, without express provision in the invitation for that purpose, and without any indication in the invitation of the nature of the referential bids which would be acceptable, he results could have been bizarre†. They too would have been entirely unfair in that there was â€Å"a possibility that one bidder would never have an opportunity to buy. † For a referential bid to even uphold there would have to be one fixed bid at least. Whether it was tender at all depended†¦ not upon the construction of that letter, but upon whether other people tendered. That is not what the liquidator wanted, and that is not what he bound himself to accept. † I might also add that in The Harvela Case there were a mere two tenders in question, which in the eyes of Lord Templeman could have rendered â€Å"bizarre results† but Kelly J. rig htfully pondered on how bizarre those results could have been with the imposition of four tenders. The essence of this case, I feel, boils down to an analysis of the difference between a sale by auction and a sale by fixed bidding by His Lordship in the Harvela Case: â€Å"Where there are two bidder with ample resources, each determined to secure the property and to prevent the other bidder from acquiring the property and to prevent the other bidder from acquiring the property, the stronger will prevail in the fixed bidding and may pay more than in an auction which is ecided, not by the strength of the stronger, but by the weakness of the weaker of the two bidders. † RTE intended for their offer to create a confidential, competition to render the highest bid from the strongest bidder. Referential bidding falls into none of these categories. Indeed referential bidding as I have pointed out – perverts the course of these ambitions from establishing a fair commercial result. As regards RTE’s response regarding the referential bid enquiry, I agree with Kelly J. n that it was but a mere reiteration of the facts and that no obligation was to be imposed on RTE to retender the contract on those grounds nor had they violated a contractual obligation toward Smart as they had previous fully disclosed all the terms of the contract. Indeed if they had altered the contract in any way at this point and failed to inform the other parties, the outcome of this case could have been quite different. Conclusion The consistency of the law in this area over the past century, stretching from Ireland to England, Wales, New York and Canada, can be held down to logical reasoning of very powerful courts. I think the law should continue to follow the preceding cases I’ve mentioned with a view to limiting the scope of pre-contractual liability at all costs. The intention of the vendor is, in my view, is to be regarded as of utmost importance. After all, the purpose of contract â€Å"is to establish the agreement that the parties have made and to fix their rights and duties in accordance with that agreement. And where an offer is a bona fide invitation to tender regarding the acceptability of referential bidding – any ambiguity that may arise surrounding the language in the offer, no matter how unclear as the case may be, be considered with due favour to the party that initiated the contract. There is to be no justice in enforcing a contract with which the true intention of the contrac tor is disregarded in favour of those who attempt to circumnavigate around provisions of a fair competition. I believe this to be especially the case where a company such as Smart intervenes with an offer from a subsidiary (Holdings) to cover all bases (both a fixed bid and a referential bid), leading me to believe that indeed their intentions were not in the spirit of fair competition. Smart set out to their bid not merely in ignorance, nor just knowingly but indeed to strategically obliterate their fellow competitors. And it is in my opinion, notwithstanding the contractual law in this area being so supportive of my view, that the intention of both parties should always be considered in equity too. ,399 words. [ 1 ]. Harvela Investments Ltd v Royal Trust of Canada (Cl) Ltd [1986] AC 207 [ 2 ]. South Hetton Coal Co. v Haswell Shotton Easington Coal and Coke Co. [1898] 1 Ch. 465 [ 3 ]. SSI Investors Limited v Korea Tungsten Mining Co. Limited [1982] 449 N. Y. S. 2d173 [ 4 ]. Lord Templeman in Harvela Investments Ltd v Royal Trust of Canada (Cl) Ltd [1986] AC 207 [ 5 ]. http://www. answer s. com/topic/expressio-unius-est-exclusio-alterius-1 [ 6 ]. Clarke, R. Contract Law in Ireland Fifth Edition (Dublin: Round Hall). 0 [ 7 ]. M. J. B. Enterprises Ltd v Defence Construction (1951) Ltd [ 8 ]. Clarke, R. Contract Law in Ireland Fifth Edition (Dublin: Round Hall, 2008). 11 [ 9 ]. Poole, J. Textbook on Contract Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012). 42 [ 10 ]. Smart Telecom Plc. V Radio Teilefis Eireann Glanbia Plc. [2006] IEHC 176 [ 11 ]. Lord Templman in ibid [ 12 ]. South Hetton Coal Co. v Haswell Shotton and Easington Coal and Coke Co. [1898] 1 Ch. 465. [ 13 ]. http://answers. encyclopedia. com/question/purpose-contracts-365127. html

Tale Of Two Cities Essay Paper Example For Students

Tale Of Two Cities Essay Paper Tale of Two Cities In the fictitious novel Tale of Two Cities, the author, Charles Dickens, lays out a brilliant plot. Charles Dickens was born in England on February 7, 1812 near the south coast. His family moved to London when he was ten years old and quickly went into debt. To help support himself, Charles went to work at a blacking warehouse when he was twelve. His father was soon imprisoned for debt and shortly thereafter the rest of the family split apart. Charles continued to work at the blacking warehouse even after his father inherited some money and got out of prison. When he was thirteen, Dickens went back to school for two years. He later learned shorthand and became a freelance court reporter. He started out as a journalist at the age of twenty and later wrote his first novel, The Pickwick Papers. He went on to write many other novels, including Tale of Two Cities in 1859. We will write a custom essay on Tale Of Two Cities Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Tale of Two Cities takes place in France and England during the troubled times of the French Revolution. There are travels by the characters between the countries, but most of the action takes place in Paris, France. The wineshop in Paris is the hot spot for the French revolutionists, mostly because the wineshop owner, Ernest Defarge, and his wife, Madame Defarge, are key leaders and officials of the revolution. Action in the book is scattered out in many places; such as the Bastille, Tellsons Bank, the home of the Manettes, and largely, the streets of Paris. These places help to introduce many characters into the plot. One of the main characters, Madame Therese Defarge, is a major antagonist who seeks revenge, being a key revolutionist. She is very stubborn and unforgiving in her cunning scheme of revenge on the Evermonde family. Throughout the story, she knits shrouds for the intended victims of the revolution. Charles Darnay, one of whom Mrs. Defarge is seeking revenge, is constantly being put on the stand and wants no part of his own lineage. He is a languid protagonist and has a tendency to get arrested and must be bailed out several times during the story. Dr. Alexander Manette, a veteran prisoner of the Bastille and moderate protagonist, cannot escape the memory of being held and sometimes relapses to cobbling shoes. Dr. Manette is somewhat redundant as a character in the novel, but plays a very significant part in the plot. Dr. Manettes daughter, Lucie Manette, a positive protagonist, is loved by many and marries Charles Darnay . She is a quiet, emotional person and a subtle protagonist in the novel. One who never forgot his love for Lucie, the protagonist Sydney Carton changed predominately during the course of the novel. Sydney , a look-alike of Charles Darnay, was introduced as a frustrated, immature alcoholic, but in the end, made the ultimate sacrifice for a good friend. These and other characters help to weave an interesting and dramatic plot. Dr. Manette has just been released from the Bastille, and Lucie, eager to meet her father whom she thought was dead, goes with Mr. Jarvis Lorry to bring him back to England. Dr. Manette is in an insane state from his long prison stay and does nothing but cobble shoes, although he is finally persuaded to go to England. Several years later, Lucie, Dr. Manette, and Mr. Lorry are witnesses at the trial of Charles Darnay. Darnay, earning his living as a tutor, frequently travels between England and France and is accused of treason in his home country of France. He is saved from being prosecuted by Sydney Carton, who a witness confuses for Darnay, thus not making the case positive. Darnay ended up being acquitted for his presumed crime. .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b , .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b .postImageUrl , .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b , .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b:hover , .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b:visited , .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b:active { border:0!important; } .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b:active , .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u60e9d78f253d028323765996c4071b9b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: LEGALIZE IT Essay Summary Darnay and Carton both fall in love with Lucie and want to marry her. Carton, an alcoholic at the time, realizes that a relationship with Lucie is impossible, but he still tells her that he loves her and would do anything for her. Darnay and Lucie marry each other on the premises of the two promises between Dr. Manette and Darnay. Right after the marriage, while the newlyweds are on their honeymoon, Dr. Manette has a relapse and cobbles shoes for nine days straight. Frances citizens arm themselves for a revolution and, led by the Defarges, start the revolution by raiding the Bastille. Shortly before the start of the revolution, the Marquis runs over a child in the streets of Paris. He is assassinated soon after by Gaspard, the childs father, who is also a part of the revolution. Three years later, right in the middle of the revolution, Darnay is called to France to help Gabelle, an old friend. As soon as he goes down what seems to be a one-way street to France, he is arrested (in France) for being an enemy of the state. Dr. Manette, Lucie, and the Darnays daughter go shortly after to Paris to see if they can be of any help to Charles. When the delayed trial finally takes place, Dr. Manette, who is in the peoples favor, uses his influence to free Charles. The same day, Charles is re-arrested on charges set forth by the Defarges and one other mystery person. The next day, at a trial that had absolutely no delay, Charles is convicted and sentenced to death. Because of the despondent situation, Dr. Manette has a relapse and cobbles shoes. Sydney Carton overhears plot to kill Lucie, her daughter, and Dr. Manette and has them immediately get ready to leave the country. Carton, having spy contacts, gets into the prison in which Darnay is being held, drugs him and switches places with him. Lucie, Charles, and their daughter successfully leave the country. Sydney Carton, making the ultimate sacrifice, partly for Lucie, goes to the guillotine in place of Charles. Just before he dies, Carton has a vision in which society is greatly improved and the Darnays have a son named after him. This dramatic plot revolves around several central themes. One theme involves revenge. Ones bad side is brought out by the evil effects of revenge. Madame Defarge is the main subject of this implicit theme. She turns into a killing machine because she must get revenge. An example of this is when she finds out Charles Darnay is an Evermonde and is going to marry Lucie Manette. She knits Darnays name into the death register. Another key theme in the novel has to do with courage and sacrifice. There were many sacrifices in this novel by many different characters. The ultimate sacrifice was made by Sydney Carton. Because of his love for Lucie and his friendship with Darnay, Carton is the example of one of the most important themes implied in this book. Carton helps others, and does not think so much of himself. Right before going to the guillotine, Carton sees a better world, a world where he gave to others, not thinking of himself. These themes help outline an interesting story. Tale of Two Cities is a very long and detailed historical novel. It is my opinion that the major strength of this book was the suspense and drama involved to keep the reader hooked. There are always incidents to keep the reader thinking, whats going to happen now? For example, I as a reader wondered, Will Dr. Manette ever get back to his old self?; What will happen to Charles Darnay?; and so on. A major weakness of this book, in my opinion, was the fact that it was so very long and had a somewhat advanced vocabulary. .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914 , .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914 .postImageUrl , .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914 , .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914:hover , .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914:visited , .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914:active { border:0!important; } .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914:active , .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914 .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u98e68f45e5b75bf03d59361d6020d914:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Barbie Essay Tale of Two Cities was almost 400 pages long and took quite a bit of thinking on the readers part to understand. The novel used such words as capricious; coquette; tergiversation; and acquiesced, among others, which I included on my vocabulary list. I will admit, this writing does enhance ones terminology greatly, but these words are not used in everyday speech. It is good to read literary classics, however, Dickens Tale of Two Cities would not be one of my favorites.